The Models of Disability: Rethinking Barriers

Medical Model

Historically, the Medical Model of Disability has focused on identifying impairments and seeking cures, often overlooking the broader social and environmental barriers individuals face (Engel, 1977). This approach can marginalise disabled individuals, reinforcing societal views that see them as “problems” to be treated (Szasz, 1956; Goffman, 1961).

Social Model

The Social Model of Disability reframes this narrative, focusing on how societal structures create disabling barriers (Oliver, 1990). Physical obstacles, inaccessible services, and prejudiced attitudes all contribute to exclusion. When these barriers are removed, disabled people can fully participate in society.

Our work at Haqooq aligns with this model, recognising that inclusion requires changes in societal attitudes, spaces, and policies. As Crow (1996) argues, the social model remains vital in challenging stereotypes and promoting equity.

How we Challenge and Empower

We believe that everyone deserves access to meaningful, creative, and engaging opportunities. By embracing the Social Model of Disability, Haqooq:

• Challenges disablism and societal stereotypes
• Empowers individuals through tailored learning and artistic expression
• Fosters positive mental and physical health outcomes through active participation in cultural arts
• Creates inclusive environments that value diverse abilities

Our public performances and community exhibitions allow participants to share their talents with wider audiences, helping to shift perceptions and inspire communities. This not only builds confidence and aspirations but also highlights the importance of representation and inclusion in cultural spaces.

Expanding the Conversation: A Broader Understanding of Disability

Disability is a complex social construct that requires a broader, more inclusive approach (Linker, 2013). The biopsychosocial model, introduced by Engel (1977) and expanded by Brown (2003), highlights the need to address biological, psychological, and social factors in understanding disability. Haqooq embodies this approach by combining creative arts, community engagement, and personalised support to foster holistic development.

As Olkin (2002) points out, disability is often excluded from diversity conversations, despite being a critical part of many people’s identities. Haqooq actively challenges this exclusion, promoting a deeper understanding of the value that disabled individuals bring to society.